Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis ncbi. Exactly how atherosclerosis starts or what causes it isnt known. In combination with hypercholesterolemia, however, it is a potent promoter of atherogenesis, and the mechanisms for this morethanadditive effect are now the focus of considerable investigative attention. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease circulation. In contrast to the homeostasis that exists between the endothelium and. Pathophysiological studies have unravelled the interactions of molecular and cellular elements involved in atherogenesis. The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes heart. Lipid retention is the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which is followed by chronic inflammation at susceptible sites in the walls. Atherosclerosis is a disease process which is triggered by sometimes subtle physical or chemical insults to the endothelial cell layer of arteries. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis, which is a general term for several disorders that cause thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall. In others, it doesnt become dangerous until they reach their 50s or 60s. Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis pdf. Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition in which arteries harden through buildup of plaques. Recent cardiovascular clinical trials have also shed more light upon the efficacy and safety of novel compounds targeting the main pathways of atherosclerosis and.
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis oxidized ldl stimulates the release of growth factors, cytokines, and. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicinal herbs in atherosclerosis and endothelial damage has. Atherosclerosis is also the most serious and clinically relevant form of arteriosclerosis because it causes coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis dr geer mohammad ishaq senior assistant professor department of pharmaceutical sciences university of kashmir for the exclusive use of kashvarsity egroup members. Pdf pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis india pdf ppt case reports symptoms. Atherosclerosis is a pathologic process that causes disease of the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries and the aorta. Lecture 30 pathology of atherosclerosis free download as powerpoint presentation.
Arteriolosclerosis small arteries and arterioles hypertension and dm. The focus of this update is on the pathophysiology and medical interventions of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ldlc, highdensity. Modified aha consensus classification based on morphologic descriptions. Pathophysiology and management of cardiovascular disease. People living with hiv have an increased prevalence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, and hivspecific mechanisms such as immune activation. Atherosclerosis pathology list of high impact articles. Atherosclerosis united states pdf ppt case reports. Pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaque development. Hypertension by itself causes arterial damage, but it does not appear to induce atherosclerosis when plasma lipid concentrations are low. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arterial wall that occurs at susceptible sites in the major. Atherosclerosis also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or asvd is. Atherosclerosis begins with fatty streak which is a accumulation of lipid laden foam cells in the. Some hardening of the arteries is normal as people age.
Introduction atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries, in which fatty material and plaque are deposited in the wall of an artery. Plaque development and plaque responses to medical treatment. The very rare exceptions to this are spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary arteritis, coronary emboli, coronary spasm, and compression by myocardial bridges. Reynolds cardiovascular clinical research center p.
Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Atherosclerosis is the most common arterial abnormality characterized as arteriosclerosis, which is defined by the loss of arterial elasticity due to vessel thickening and stiffening. Atherosclerosis can affect the kidneys either directly e. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of fats in and on your artery walls plaques, which can restrict blood flow. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood to your heart and other parts. Virtually all regional acute myocardial infarcts are caused by thrombosis developing on a culprit coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Carotid stenosis endothelial dysfunction atherosclerosis etiology of atherosclerosis.
Recent genomewide association studies have led to the identification of over 50 gene variants which modulate atherogenesis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pathophysiology atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Terms in this set atheroschlerosis presence of focal thickenings plaques of the innermost layer intima of elastic and muscular arteries known as atheroschlerotic.
The earliest visualizable lesion of atherosclerosis is the fatty streak, which is an accumulation of lipidladen macrophages in the vascular intima figure 12. The next steps in the atherosclerosis disease process are droplets of fat in the intima of the blood vessel wall are recognised by the immune system as a foreign body provoking an attack from t cells seeking to protect the artery from the invading substance which is fat droplets. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional pathophysiology of atherosclerosis powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Although atherosclerosis is often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere in your body. The understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis causes hardening of the. Main classical risk factors for atherosclerosis include dyslipoproteinaemia, diabetes, cigarette smoking, hypertension and genetic abnormalities. Early pathological descriptions viewed atherosclerosis as an endstage degenerative process that inevitably resulted in a generalized narrowing of the. Type of blood vessel disorder begins as soft deposits of fat that harden with age referred to as hardening of arteries involves progressive narrowing and degeneration of arteries of heart, carotid, abdomen, and extremities. Atherosclerosis is a preventable and treatable condition. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel wall and it is the leading cause of heart attack and strokes 89. Objectives introduction definition epidemiology risk factors pathogenesis responsetoinjury hypothesis complications 3.
Pathophysiology and management 84 platelets and atherosclerosis platelet adhesion occurs 10under conditions of high shear stress, as in stenotic atherosclerotic arteries. Atherosclerosis, chronic disease caused by the deposition of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the innermost layer of endothelium of the large and mediumsized arteries. The causes of this process appear to be lipid retention, oxidation, and modification. The pathology of atherosclerosis american journal of medicine. When artery gets damaged blood cells and other cellular components build up and lead to the formation of plaque. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis powerpoint presentation. Coronary plaque morphology and frequency of ulceration distant from culprit lesions in patients with unstable and stable presentation. Atherosclerosis singapore pdf ppt case reports symptoms. Coronary atherosclerosis has been recognized for over a century and it was the subject of various studies. Ifng improves efficiency of ag presentation and augments synthesis of tnfa and. Atherosclerosis has an open access mirror journal atherosclerosis. Signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis are not visible until the arteries are.
Etiology of atherosclerosis list of high impact articles. These lipidladen macrophages are often referred to as foam cells because of their foamy appearance. Atherosclerosis is a complex disease which may start in childhood. Results from several studies have suggested that people with hiv have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease, compared with people not infected with hiv. In some people, atherosclerosis progresses rapidly in their 30s. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause in majority of cases. Forms of accelerated arteriopathies, such as restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting and coronary transplant vasculopathy differ in pathogenesis and are discussed separately. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Pathophysiology atherosclerosis develops as a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall to endothelial injury. Lesion progression occurs through interactions of modified lipoproteins, monocytederived macrophages, tlymphocytes, and the normal cellular constituent of the arterial wall. Fatty streak develop at 1112 years and fibrous plaques at 1530 years figure 1, depicts the conversion of fatty streak to fibrous plaques and they develop at the. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The response to injury theory now has widespread acceptance among scientific and medical scholars.
The earliest visible lesion of atherosclerosis is the fatty streak, which is due to an accumulation of lipidladen foam cells in the intimal layer of the artery figure 2. Atherosclerosis articles case reports symptoms treatment, united states. Atherosclerosis is the root cause of the biggest killer of the 21st century. Thrombosis is also the major initiating factor in unstable angina, particularly when rest pain. Describes how lipid plaques form in the walls arteries. Atherosclerosis is triggered when some risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes and high content of fats in blood damage the endothelium of arteries. Even within a particular arterial bed, stenoses due to atherosclerosis tend to occur focally, typically in certain predisposed regions. This helps you give your presentation on pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.
The contribution of genetics to the variability of atherosclerosis risk is estimated as 50%. Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall that underlies many of the common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including myocardial infarction mi, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is a slow, progressive disease that may start in childhood. This is essential to the development of arterial thrombosis. Aetiology and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis oxford. This theory holds that the earliest event in atherogenesis is injury to the endothelium, which. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a continuous progressive development. Raas as a mediator of pathophysiology adapted from dzau v et al. Lesion progression occurs through interactions of modified lipoproteins, monocytederived macrophages, tlymphocytes, and. Stenosis endothelial dysfunction atherosclerosis etiology of atherosclerosis. This chapter is concerned with how atherosclerosis risk is modulated by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The term atherosclerosis is derived from the greek athero, meaning gruel, or wax, corresponding to the necrotic core area at the base of the atherosclerotic plaque, and sclerosis for hardening, or induration, referring to the fibrous cap of the plaques luminal edge the earliest pathologic descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions focused on morphologies of fatty streaks to fibroatheromas.
An ideal animal model of atherosclerosis resembles human anatomy and pathophysiology and has the potential to be used in medical and pharmaceutical research to obtain results that can be. Recent years have brought a significant amount of new results in the field of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis begins with fatty streak which is a accumulation of lipid laden foam cells in the intimal layer of the artery 4. Pathophysiology atherosclerosis flashcards quizlet. This plaque usually contains white blood cells, smooth muscle cells, cholesterol, lipids, calcium, collagen and fibrin and over time increases in size. Atherosclerosis brings together, from all sources, papers concerned with investigation on atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis cardiovascular disorders merck manuals. The story of the formation of an atheroma 1 four stages.
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